Ericsson, K; Nilsson, L.J. Assessment of the potential biomass supply in Europe using a resource-focused approach. Biomass & Bioenergy, vol. 30, n. 1, 2006, pp. 1-15.
Este artículo presenta un análisis del potencial de suministro de energía a través de biomasa en los países de la EU-25, además de de Bielorrusia y Ucrania. Se diseñaron cinco escenarios posibles para describir el potencial de energía de la biomasa a corto, medio y largo plazo. Estos escenarios están basados en las previsiones de generación de residuos agrícolas, cultivos energéticos y extensión del terreno cultivado. La principal conclusión es que los objetivos propuestos por la EC para 2010 en lo que respecta a producción de energías de fuentes renovables son alcanzables utilizando los recursos de la biomasa. No obstante, y dado el lento ritmo de implementación de las mismas, es poco probable que se este hecho se produzca.
Número de referencias: 36
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Lewandowski, I; Faaij, A.P.C. Steps towards the development of a certification system for sustainable bio-energy trade. Biomass & Bioenergy, vol. 30, n. 2, 2006, pp. 83-104.
It is expected that international biomass trade will significantly increase in the coming years because of the possibly lower costs of imported biomass, the better supply security through diversification and the support by energy and climate policies of various countries. Concerns about potential negative effects of large-scale biomass production and export, like deforestation or the competition between food and biomass production, have led to the demand for sustainability criteria and certification systems that can control biomass trade. Because neither such criteria and indicator sets nor certification systems for sustainable biomass trade are yet available, the objective of this study is to generate information that can help to develop them. For these purposes, existing certification systems, sets of sustainability criteria or guidelines on environmental or social sound management of resources are analyzed with the purpose to learn about the requirements, contents and organizational set ups of a certification system for sustainable biomass trade. First, an inventory of existing systems was made; second, their structures were analyzed. Key finding from the analysis of internationally applied certification systems was that they are generally led by an international panel that represents all countries and stakeholders involved in the biomass production and trade activities. In third and fourth steps different approaches to formulate standards were described and a list of more than 100 social, economic, ecological and general criteria for sustainable biomass trade was extracted from the reviewed systems. Fifth, methods to formulate indicators, that make sustainability criteria measurable, and verifiers that are used to control the performance of indicators are described. It is recommended to further develop the criteria and indicator (C&I) sets for sustainable biomass trade by involvement of the relevant stakeholders (e.g. biomass producer and consumer) and the analysis of local conditions (e.g. local production potentials and limits, and preferences of local people).
Número de referencias: 65
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Yusoff, S. Renewable energy from palm oil - innovation on effective utilization of waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 14, n. 1, 2006, pp. 87-93.
Protecting the environment has been the priority of many sectors in our endeavor to ensure sustainable development. Implementation of green energy development based on the use of biomass is in the right path in adopting a holistic approach in the promotion of renewable energy. Malaysia has very substantial potential for biomass energy utilization given its equatorial climate that is ideal for dense tropical forest growth and agricultural vegetation. Biomass power potentials from wood processing and palm oil were estimated at 280 TJ and 250 TJ, respectively. By the year 2010, the biomass energy potential is expected to increase to 820 TJ. The paper describes the effective use of biomass as the first of the renewable energy sources to be developed for large-scale applications, especially in the palm oil industry and the methodology for energy harness by innovative utilization of waste from palm oil cultivation and processing.
Número de referencias: 17
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Gómez, J.G.; Miranda, A; González, J.F.; Turégano, J.P.; Román, S. Viability study of cold generation from biomass in an agrarian exploitation. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 87, n. 2, enero 2006, pp. 129-133.
In this work the performance of a cold production plant using biomass residuals from an agrarian exploitation as the primary energy source is analyzed. These residuals are generated in the pruning and renovation of fruit trees and are used in a boiler to convey heat to an absorption reffigeration engine. At first the study carries out the characterization and quantification of the energy produced by the residuals. Furthermore, it ponders on the viability analysis of converting that energy in cold by means of an absorption machine. The estimated thermal power sourced from the biomass generated in the exploitation (approx. 4216 ton) is of approximately 56.92 x 10(6) MJ/year. This energy was shown to be greater than that required to keep the fruits at a suitable low temperature, thus obviating the use of conventional refrigeration and avoiding their associated high energy consumption.
Número de referencias: 20
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Edye, L.A.; Doherty, W.O.S.; Blinco, J.A.; Bullock, G.E. The sugarcane biorefinery: Energy crops and processes for the production of liquid fuels and renewable commodity chemicals. International Sugar Journal, vol. 108, n. 1285, enero 2006.
In the near future, the biorefinery concept of complete utilisation of sugarcane biomass will become a pivotal element for a sustainable sugarcane industry. An industry that produces liquid fuels, electricity and commodity chemicals from a renewable source in regional communities will contribute to all elements of the triple bottom line and should be considered a compelling vision. The Cooperative Research Centre for Sugar Industry Innovation through Biotechnology (CRC-SIIB) commenced in August 2003 and has embarked on a significant program of research and development to underpin sugarcane biorefining. Fermentation to ethanol and other renewable commodities and biomass treatment processes such as pulping are key technical elements of the biorefinery concept. The Sugar Research Institute (SRI) and collaborating organisations are developing key processing technologies and products, and plan to demonstrate biorefining on a pilot scale by 2006. This presentation highlights current research activities of the CRC-SIIB and SRI, and addresses the commercial opportunities, technical barriers and path to establishing sugarcane biorefining in Australia.
Número de referencias: 11
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Lazaro, E.C.; Millan, A.R.; Peral, P.R. Analysis of cogeneration in the present energy framework. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 87, n. 2, 2006, pp. 163-168.
In this paper, a general vision of cogeneration penetration in the European Union is shown; after this, a case study is included, evaluating as a function of two factors (electricity and emission allowance prices) the suitability of installing, for an industry with a determined thermal demand, two different options. The first one is a gas turbine cogeneration plant generating steam through a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The second one consists of installing a natural gas boiler for steam production covering the electricity demand from the grid. The CO2 emissions from both options are compared regarding different kinds of generation mixes from the electricity grid in the case of using the industrial boiler; taking into account the advantages of using biomass in relation to emissions, a last comparison has been carried out considering a biomass boiler instead of the natural gas boiler
Número de referencias: 2
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Yang, Y. B.; Sharifi, V. N.; Swithenbank, J. Substoichiometric conversion of biomass and solid wastes to energy in packed beds. Aiche Journal, vol. 52, n. 2, febrero 2006, pp. 809-817.
Biomass and municipal solid wastes are two of the sustainable energy resources. Countercurrent, substoichiometric conversion of these fuels into energy in packed beds has the benefits of lower tar and dust carryover in flue gases, and therefore gas-treatment procedures can be simplified and the running cost is reduced. In this paper, mathematical simulation is performed on a large-scale plant furnace for both municipal solid wastes and biomass fuels in a range of operating conditions. The temperature profile inside the moving packed bed of the same system was measured by an in situ electronic device for the baseline case to partially validate the simulation results. Mathematical simulation indicates that by using variable grate speed to obtain constant bed height, a typical moving-bed furnace can achieve over 99% of conversion efficiency with only 40-50% of the normal primary air supply, without loss in throughput; the char conversion rate is significantly lower than the devolatilization rate in the bed and the char conversion process occupies over half of the total bed length, whereas fuel devolatilization occupies only one-third or more of the bed length.
Número de referencias: 28
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